Lock.



7 UNITED STATES.

Patented June 7, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

- LOCK.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 761,? 53, dated June 7, 1904.

' i i Application filed May 7, 1908. Serial No. 156,030. (No model.) I I To all whom it may concerm Be it known that I, BERNARDO BORGHESE, a subject of the King of Italy,-.residing at Mondovi-Piazza, Italy, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Locks, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention provides an improved lock requiring very few movements in its operation and which is more easily operated and more certain in its operation than those now in generaluse, as well as more durable. The movements of the improved lock are reduced to the movement of a handle or knob for looking and the mere introduction of a key Without rotation for unlocking. Alsocertainsecfor insuring safety and for simplifying the component parts and rendering the entire'lock simpler than. locks now generally in use, so that it is practically much more convenient.

The features and combinations'of novelty are particularly recited in the claims hereinafter. I

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodimentsof the invention.

Figurel is a vertical section through the case of the look just inside: the front wall, showing the locking parts in elevation. Figs. 2 and 3 are horizontal sections showing the parts in different positions. Figs. 4 and 5 arev views similar-to Figs. land 2, showing another embodiment of the invention. Fig. 6 is a front elevation showing certain parts in section on the plane of the front plate of the lock of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is an elevation of a detail common to both embodiments. Fig. 8

illustrates different forms of keys.

The principal component parts of the lock as illustrated are First. A locking-bolt of usual shape, but arranged with its broad face transverse, so as to provide a maximum degree of security.

Second. An operating 'membersuch, for example, as a handle or knobfor operating the bolt, and preferably so connected thereto that it moves with the bolt in either direction.

Third, A spring or equivalent elastic device acting against the bolt and its operating member so as to maintain them in the locked .such position.

referred to.

positionor to tend always to move them to Fourth. A system of tumblers operating to the bolt by the introduction of the key at the is thenautomatically opened by the spring Fifth. A device projecting from the inside engage a projection from the bolt when the .latter is shot, so as to prevent it from being withdrawn. These tumblers are freed from of the doorv and adapted to engage the tum- A is the locking-bolt. B is an arm projecting from the same subject to the action of a =lever C, connected through the transverse shaft shown with a handle D onthe outside vor with "two such handlesone outside and In the first type of lock the; arm 13 is fitted With a pin connected With a slot in lever C.

one inside.

In the second type, on the contrary, the arm B is in frictional contact with the lefVGT'O, Which is held against thearm B by a pin B at the end of a small arm projecting from the arm B. A spring F acts on the shaft of the'han'dle Din the case of Fig. 1 and di-- rectly on the arm 13 in the case of Fig. 4 in such a way as to maintain the parts in or restore them to the unlocked position. The first has the form of a flat spiral spring, the second that of a common cylindrical spring. Broadly speaking, a spring of any form or description may be employed for'the purpose of resettingthe bolts to the unlocked position.

The bolt A carries a tooth G, which enters T-shaped opening ina series of plates or tumblers H, pivoted at I. Each-one of these tumblers carries a small spring J, which pushes it forward toward the part where the key is introduced. All these tumblers are similar one to the other, but not identical in proportions and do not differ substantially from those to be found in ordinary locks which work in the same way. Assuming the lock closed, they all press, by the cfiect of the springs. J, against the tooth G in the position shown by Figs. 2 and 5 and'hinder the bolt A from blers and operateth em in the same manner as the outside key operates them. ondary features of advantage'are provided I moving in the unlocking direction. Introducing the key K, Fig. 8, which is suitably cut to match with the profile of the group of tumblers, these tumblers will be pushed forward the distance necessary to take exactly the position shown in Fig. 3, and consequently the tooth G is free to move in the longitudinal opening of the tumblers, so that it is sufficient to introduce the key, pushing it forward as far as it can go that is to say, until some one of the tumblers, in consequence of the profile given to it, strikes a suitable stop or simply against the back end of the lockin order that the lock shall open automatically by the action of spring F. To open from the inside, there is asliding rod or pin L, having ahooked end which engages the suitably-shaped ends of the tumblers, these latter being cut in such a way that it is sufiicientto pull the pin L by means, for instance, of a handle or button M, projecting outside the lock, to obtain the same effect obtainable from outside of the door by means of the key.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, since the axis of the outside handle coincides with that of the key, the shaft of the handle cannot be allowed to pass entirely through the lock. Consequently to close from the inside a button N is arranged connected to A, so as to be able to slide the latter into the locking position. The outside handle is carried by the outside guard-plate of the lock, as shown in axial section in Fig. 3 and in outside sectional view in Fig. 6. The guard-plate has two curved openings a b, and the shaft 0 of the handle extends itself across these, being reduced to two stems c d smaller than the openings and of a corresponding profile in such a manner that the handle can rotate a certain distance. On these stems is fixed the head of the arms 0, which thus remains fixedly connected with the handle and at same time maintains the handle firmly against the guardplate. The shaft O is hollow, and inside thereof is introduced another small rectangular tube P, provided with the keyhole. This smaller stem engages at its extremity in a corresponding rectangular opening of the guardplate, so as not to turn, and it is prevented from coming out by the handle D, which is fixed on the stem 0 and overlies the end thereof. The boltAis guided in its sliding by the pieces R S, engaged in a groove T, formed in the bolt for that purpose.

For both types of lock hereinbefore described a key can be made, which can be formed of several loose pieces, so that in the case of strong rooms or safes under the care of several people each person can possess one of these said loose pieces, so that all these persons must be present at the moment that the safe or strong room is to be opened. At Fig. 8 is shown a key of this description formed of one or of three pieces. In order to increase the security, one can make fine longitudinal grooves, as m, in the key, to which correspond wires in the keyhole in such a way as to prevent the introduction of any key but the right one.

Though I have described with great particularity of detail certain embodiments of my invention, yet it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed. Various modifications thereof may be made by those skilled in the art without departure from the invention.

What I claim is- 1. In a lock in combination, a belt, a spring tending to move said bolt to the withdrawn position, tumblers for holding said bolt in the thrown position and adapted to be withdrawn from engagement with said bolt by a key inserted at the outer side of the lock, and means for disengaging said tumblers from the bolt from the inner side of the lock.

2. In a lock in combination, abolt, a spring tending to move said bolt to the witlulrmvn position, tumblers H for engaging said bolt and holding it in its thrown position, means permitting the introduction of a key from the outside to disengage said tumblers from said bolt, and a hooked member L engaging said tumblers for releasing them from the inside.

3. In a lock, in combination a bolt, an operating member D for throwing said bolt, a spring tending to withdraw said bolt, tumblers for holding said bolt thrown, said tumblers arranged to be released by a key passing through the operating member D, said member D being provided with a suitable passage for such key.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two-subscribing witnesses.

BERNARDO BORGHESE. WVitnesses:

MARVO GArUND, HEMENTE GIoRn'rzu'r'rY. 

